Cryptography Tutorial

Chipmunk Basic for Mac OS X - (Version 1.367.2627, 2016Apr01) This is release is for Mac OS X 10.9 thru 10.12.x. It was re-written to support Cocoa for OSX 10.9 and later, thus many Mac specific features from older Carbon and PowerPC versions will be missing or broken. Download BASIC-256 for free. BASIC-256 is an easy to use version of BASIC designed to teach anybody how to program. A built-in graphics mode lets them draw pictures on screen in minutes, and a set of easy-to-follow tutorials introduce programming concepts through fun exercises.

Cryptography Useful Resources

Selected Reading

In the last chapter, we discussed the data integrity threats and the use of hashing technique to detect if any modification attacks have taken place on the data.

Another type of threat that exist for data is the lack of message authentication. In this threat, the user is not sure about the originator of the message. Message authentication can be provided using the cryptographic techniques that use secret keys as done in case of encryption. Espresso for machine.

Message Authentication Code (MAC)

MAC algorithm is a symmetric key cryptographic technique to provide message authentication. For establishing MAC process, the sender and receiver share a symmetric key K.

Microsoft office update for mac 2011. Essentially, a MAC is an encrypted checksum generated on the underlying message that is sent along with a message to ensure message authentication.

The process of using MAC for authentication is depicted in the following illustration −

Let us now try to understand the entire process in detail −

Joe and mac for the nes. The sender uses some publicly known MAC algorithm, inputs the message and the secret key K and produces a MAC value.
Similar to hash, MAC function also compresses an arbitrary long input into a fixed length output. The major difference between hash and MAC is that MAC uses secret key during the compression.
The sender forwards the message along with the MAC. Here, we assume that the message is sent in the clear, as we are concerned of providing message origin authentication, not confidentiality. If confidentiality is required then the message needs encryption.
On receipt of the message and the MAC, the receiver feeds the received message and the shared secret key K into the MAC algorithm and re-computes the MAC value.
The receiver now checks equality of freshly computed MAC with the MAC received from the sender. If they match, then the receiver accepts the message and assures himself that the message has been sent by the intended sender.
If the computed MAC does not match the MAC sent by the sender, the receiver cannot determine whether it is the message that has been altered or it is the origin that has been falsified. As a bottom-line, a receiver safely assumes that the message is not the genuine.

Limitations of MAC

There are two major limitations of MAC, both due to its symmetric nature of operation −

Establishment of Shared Secret.
- It can provide message authentication among pre-decided legitimate users who have shared key.
- This requires establishment of shared secret prior to use of MAC.
Inability to Provide Non-Repudiation
- Non-repudiation is the assurance that a message originator cannot deny any previously sent messages and commitments or actions.
- MAC technique does not provide a non-repudiation service. If the sender and receiver get involved in a dispute over message origination, MACs cannot provide a proof that a message was indeed sent by the sender.
- Though no third party can compute the MAC, still sender could deny having sent the message and claim that the receiver forged it, as it is impossible to determine which of the two parties computed the MAC.

Both these limitations can be overcome by using the public key based digital signatures discussed in following section.

BASIC-256 is a simple BASIC language interpreter designed to help middle and high-school students learn the fundamentals of programming.

The core of the language follows the usual BASIC style. Commands are entered sequentially on numbered lines; For/ Next and Do/ Until handle your looping needs; there's If/ Then/ Else for conditional testing, with GoSub and GoTo for flow control (although you do get Functions, too).

BASIC-256 isn't just some ancient GW-BASIC clone, though. There is the classic 'OnError' command for error handling, but you also get the more structured Try/ Catch/ EndTry. Begin Case/ Case/ End Case structures make for very readable conditional testing. Array elements can be assigned in a single line, like this:

dim z(5)
z = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

Basic 256 For Mac Os

There are some surprisingly powerful extras, too. BASIC-256 provides a set of commands to work with SQLite databases, for example, processing a SQL statement and returning the results. You can create programs to communicate across your network, or the internet. There's even a simple (and safe) way of saving configuration data to the Registry, and reading it later.

Basic 256 For Mac

This is still just a simple BASIC interpreter. There's no support for objects, no ability to call external code, no form designer, no output options beyond scrolling text and extremely basic graphics. It'll help users to learn about fundamental control structures, but nothing more.

Basic 256 For Macbook

BASIC-256 does offer enough functionality to be useful, though, as a very first programming language, while some bundled examples and online tutorials make it easy to learn.

Verdict:

Basic 256 For Macbook Pro

BASIC-256 is a simple, stripped-back language which makes it easy for novices to learn the fundamentals of computer programming. It's also very limited - if you've any previous development experience then the package will frustrate you very quickly - but if you just want something your kids can play with, to see if they're interested in programming or not, then it's a reasonable choice.